Heirloom vegetables
are open-pollinated; they set seed naturally, often aided by wind, rain
or pollinating insects. Thus, seed saved will produce plants the
same as or very similar to the parents. A bit of diversity from plant
to plant among open-pollinated types is normal in these otherwise stable
and true breeding varieties.
Hybrids, on the
other hand, are a result of cross-breeding two parents of different genetic
makeup. Unlike open-pollinated plants, the seeds from hybrids will
not come true from seed but will be highly variable and thus not desirable.
Hybrids were originally developed for their high productivity, uniformity
and wide adaptability. In addition, these hybrid vegetables ripen
in a shorter period of time and they often have a tougher skin that allows
them to be shipped great distances and stored for long periods with what
is known as "shelf life."
As
a matter of fact, hybrids were developed to counteract some of the qualities
of heirlooms such as the latter's tender skin (which allows for easier
bruising), shorter shelf life and less-than-perfect form and shape.
But there's one key "ingredient," if you will, of heirlooms that modern
hybrids have yet to approach and that is flavor. Heirlooms simply
taste much better than the newer, "man-made" varieties can hope to.
When hybrids were originally bio-engineered, the beefing up of certain
characteristics, such as tougher skins and longer storage life, meant a
corresponding decrease in other traits, namely flavor. This is why
today's supermarket tomatoes have the consistency and, many would say the
corresponding taste of a tennis ball.
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